Not a fact anymore

Water in the deep ocean is stagnant and largely isolated from global circulation.

What we know now

The deep ocean participates in slow, global circulation driven by density differences, winds, mixing, and interactions with the seafloor and atmosphere.

Why it changed

Surface currents were easy to observe, while movement in the dark deep ocean was slow and difficult to measure. Temperature, salinity, tracers, current meters, and global expeditions revealed connected deep-water masses.

Status
Overturned
Category
Ocean Science
Accepted for
≈107 years
Accepted approximately
Before modern physical oceanography
Changed approximately
19th–20th centuries

Deep circulation is extremely slow compared with waves and many surface currents, and some deep waters remain isolated from the atmosphere for centuries.

Slow is not the same as stagnant.

Evidence

Sources and what they establish

Current evidence

  • What causes ocean currents?NOAA Ocean Exploration

    Distinguishes surface circulation from deep circulation that moves along the seafloor.

  • Thermohaline CirculationNOAA National Ocean Service

    Explains density-driven deep circulation controlled by temperature and salinity.

Historical context

Related entries

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