Category
Neuroscience
Explore the 9 entries currently assigned to this category. These counts describe this curated catalogue, not the size or rate of change of the field itself.
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Not a fact anymore
The central nervous system has no conventional lymphatic vessels.
What we know now
Functional lymphatic vessels exist in the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain. They help drain fluid and immune material toward lymph nodes in the neck. This is different from having a dense lymphatic network running through the brain tissue itself.
- Status
- Overturned
- Category
- Neuroscience
- Accepted for
- Not quantified
- Changed approximately
- 2015
Not a fact anymore
Migraine is caused simply by blood vessels constricting and then dilating.
What we know now
Migraine is a neurological disorder involving brain networks, sensory processing, the trigeminal nerve system, signaling molecules, and blood vessels. Changes in vessel size can occur during an attack, but dilation by itself is neither necessary nor enough to explain migraine.
- Status
- Superseded
- Category
- Neuroscience
- Accepted for
- ≈45 years
- Changed approximately
- 1980s–present
Not a fact anymore
The human brain evolved by stacking three independently functioning brains: reptilian, emotional mammalian, and rational human.
What we know now
Vertebrate brains evolved through modification and reorganization of shared structures and interconnected networks. Reptiles possess homologues of structures called limbic or cortical in mammals, and cognition, emotion, and basic regulation are not confined to independent evolutionary layers.
- Status
- Superseded
- Category
- Neuroscience
- Accepted for
- ≈35 years
- Changed approximately
- 1980s–present
Not a fact anymore
Once adulthood is reached, the brain is permanently hardwired and cannot substantially reorganize.
What we know now
Adult brains remain capable of change, a property known as neuroplasticity. Learning, experience, injury, stress, hormones, and rehabilitation can alter synapses, neural maps, connectivity, and even aspects of brain structure.
- Status
- Overturned
- Category
- Neuroscience
- Accepted for
- Not quantified
- Changed approximately
- 1960s–present
Not a fact anymore
Adult mammalian brains cannot produce new neurons.
What we know now
Adult brains can produce new neurons, a process called neurogenesis, in limited regions in many animals. How much new-neuron formation continues in adult humans—especially later in life—remains actively debated.
- Status
- Overturned
- Category
- Neuroscience
- Accepted for
- Not quantified
- Changed approximately
- 1960s–1990s
Not a fact anymore
Glial cells are merely passive glue and support for the neurons that perform all meaningful nervous-system processing.
What we know now
Glial cells do much more than hold neurons in place. Different kinds of glia insulate nerve fibers, control the chemical environment around neurons, supply metabolic support, help shape synapses, regulate local blood flow, guide development, and perform immune functions in the nervous system.
- Status
- Overturned
- Category
- Neuroscience
- Accepted for
- ≈115 years
- Changed approximately
- 1960s–present
Not a fact anymore
Dreams occur only during REM sleep.
What we know now
Dreaming can occur during both REM and non-REM sleep. REM dreams are often more vivid and story-like, but non-REM awakenings can also produce detailed dream reports.
- Status
- Overturned
- Category
- Neuroscience
- Accepted for
- ≈7 years
- Changed approximately
- 1960s–2000s
Not a fact anymore
Sleep is essentially a unitary, passive state produced by a general reduction of brain activity.
What we know now
Sleep is an actively regulated, highly organized state with recurring non-REM and REM stages, distinct neural activity patterns, and multiple physiological functions.
- Status
- Overturned
- Category
- Neuroscience
- Accepted for
- Not quantified
- Changed approximately
- 1930s–1950s
Not a fact anymore
Synaptic transmission was widely expected to continue electrically across the junction between excitable cells.
What we know now
A synapse is the junction where one nerve cell communicates with another cell. At most vertebrate synapses, the first cell releases chemical messengers called neurotransmitters, which bind to receptors on the next cell. Some synapses are genuinely electrical and pass current directly between cells through connecting channels.
- Status
- Narrowed
- Category
- Neuroscience
- Accepted for
- Not quantified
- Changed approximately
- 1921–1950s
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